Accurate Prediction of Colorectal Cancer through Fecal Tests: Can It Reduce the Frequency of Colonoscopies?

According to data released by the Central Cancer Registry in 2020, colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent type of cancer in Korea, following thyroid and lung cancers. Irregular dietary habits, insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits, and excessive consumption of red meat contribute to the high incidence of colorectal cancer. Early detection of colorectal cancer allows for effective treatment, but if discovered late, it can metastasize to other organs, leading to fatal consequences.

 

The analysis revealed that individuals with cancerous lesions exhibited a notable increase in unhealthy intestinal microbial communities several years prior to cancer development, compared to healthy individuals.

 

Recent research has revealed a close connection between the occurrence of colorectal cancer and the distribution and types of microbes within the intestines. A study conducted by the Erasmus University Medical Center and Erasmus University Hospital in the Netherlands found significant alterations in the microbial community of the intestines prior to the onset of colorectal cancer. This discovery underscores the critical fact that preventive measures can be taken long before the development of colorectal cancer. The findings were presented at the '2023 United European Gastroenterology (UEG) Conference Week' held in Copenhagen, Denmark, from the 14th to the 17th of the month.

 

The research team analyzed 8,208 cases of colon biopsies over the past 50 years by combining data from the Dutch Microbiome (intestinal microbes) Research Database and nationwide healthcare records. Specifically, they examined the microbial communities and compositions within the fecal samples of individuals who were diagnosed with cancer through fecal tests from 2000 to 2022. Additionally, they investigated the intestinal microbes found in the stool of individuals who had normal results from colonoscopies.

 

The analysis revealed that individuals with cancerous lesions exhibited a notable increase in unhealthy intestinal microbial communities several years prior to cancer development, compared to healthy individuals. Malignant intestinal microbes were more diverse and numerous in comparison to those in healthy individuals. Particularly, an increase in Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, and Eubacterium was observed in the intestinal microbiota of colorectal cancer patients.

 

Professor Gaseesa Ranko, who led this research, stated, "Through this study, we have learned that examining intestinal microbes can enable the early prediction and prevention of colorectal cancer." He further explained, "Harmful intestinal microbes sustain inflammatory toxins in the intestines, potentially leading to various inflammatory bowel diseases and cancers." These research findings present a new possibility for early prediction and prevention of colorectal cancer, marking an important topic that requires further study and attention.