Let's Look for Polyps Early: When Should You Have a Colonoscopy?

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea, and it is one of the types with a high mortality rate. Due to the often subtle and challenging early symptoms of this cancer, regular screening through colonoscopy is considered a crucial preventive measure. The type, size, and number of polyps discovered during screening provide vital information for determining the timing of future colonoscopies.

 

The Significance and Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent and high-mortality cancer in Korea, emphasizing the role of regular screening in improving survival rates. The colon, a lengthy part of the digestive system, can develop polyps protruding from the colon lining. These polyps may progress malignantly, and they are referred to as adenomas. Adenomas are considered the seeds of colorectal cancer as they have a high probability of progressing to cancer, representing the initial stage of the disease.

 

Early detection is crucial for colorectal cancer, and regular colonoscopies play a significant role in improving survival rates and preventing the disease.

 

The Importance of Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy involves inserting a scope into the colon to precisely diagnose and remove adenomas, tumors, and other abnormalities. This procedure enables the early detection and prevention of cancer. To ensure accurate examination, the colon must be thoroughly emptied, and understanding the proper dietary adjustments and bowel preparation is essential. It is crucial to inform the medical staff of any medications being taken, particularly anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, which may need to be temporarily discontinued before the procedure.

 

Discovery and Removal of Polyps

Once polyps are identified during colonoscopy, prompt removal is recommended. Especially in the case of adenomas, being the precursors to cancer, excision of the polyps is imperative. Various removal methods are employed based on the size of the polyp, and the excised polyps serve as evidence for determining the potential development of cancer and the timing of future colonoscopies through tissue analysis.

 

Colonoscopy Screening Intervals

After the complete removal of polyps during colonoscopy, individuals aged 50 and above are advised to undergo a follow-up examination every 3 to 5 years, depending on the size and removal status of the polyps. If uncertainty exists regarding the complete removal of polyps or if multiple polyps measuring 1cm or more are found, more frequent examinations are recommended. Additionally, if cancer cells are detected in the tissue analysis of removed polyps, further testing or surgery may be necessary.

 

Survival Rates and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer survival rates vary significantly depending on the stage of the disease. Stage 1 has a survival rate of approximately 90%, stage 2 around 70%, stage 3 about 50%, and stage 4 hovers around 10%. Recognizing these differences, even in the absence of symptoms, fecal occult blood tests are recommended every 1 to 2 years, and colonoscopies every 5 years for regular screenings.

 

Early detection is crucial for colorectal cancer, and regular colonoscopies play a significant role in improving survival rates and preventing the disease. The timing of follow-up screenings depends on the type and size of the detected polyps, and it is essential to follow the guidance of medical professionals for accurate examinations. By raising awareness and taking preventive measures against colorectal cancer, individuals can strive for a healthier life.